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English Language Arts and Reading 84 standards
Developing and sustaining foundational language skills
Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--self-sustained reading
The student reads grade-appropriate texts independently. The student
K.4self-select text and interact independently with text for increasing periods of time.
Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking--oral language
The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion. The student is expected to:
K.1Alisten actively and ask questions to understand information and answer questions using multi-word responses;
K.1Brestate and follow oral directions that involve a short, related sequence of actions;
K.1Cshare information and ideas by speaking audibly and clearly using the conventions of language;
K.1Dwork collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules for discussion, including taking turns; and
K.1Edevelop social communication such as introducing himself/herself, using common greetings, and expressing needs and wants.
Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--beginning reading and writing
demonstrate phonological awareness by:
K.2Aiidentifying and producing rhyming words;
K.2Aiirecognizing spoken alliteration or groups of words that begin with the same spoken onset or initial sound;
K.2Aiiiidentifying the individual words in a spoken sentence;
K.2Aividentifying syllables in spoken words;
K.2Avblending syllables to form multisyllabic words;
K.2Avisegmenting multisyllabic words into syllables;
K.2Aviiblending spoken onsets and rimes to form simple words;
K.2Aviiiblending spoken phonemes to form one-syllable words;
K.2Aixmanipulating syllables within a multisyllabic word; and
K.2Axsegmenting spoken one-syllable words into individual phonemes;
demonstrate and apply phonetic knowledge by:
K.2Biidentifying and matching the common sounds that letters represent;
K.2Biiusing letter-sound relationships to decode, including VC, CVC, CCVC, and CVCC words;
K.2Biiirecognizing that new words are created when letters are changed, added, or deleted such as it - pit - tip - tap; and
K.2Bividentifying and reading at least 25 high-frequency words from a research-based list;
demonstrate and apply spelling knowledge by:
K.2Cispelling words with VC, CVC, and CCVC;
K.2Ciispelling words using sound-spelling patterns; and
K.2Ciiispelling high-frequency words from a research-based list;
demonstrate print awareness by:
K.2Diidentifying the front cover, back cover, and title page of a book;
K.2Diiholding a book right side up, turning pages correctly, and knowing that reading moves from top to bottom and left to right with return sweep;
K.2Diiirecognizing that sentences are comprised of words separated by spaces and recognizing word boundaries;
K.2Divrecognizing the difference between a letter and a printed word; and
K.2Dvidentifying all uppercase and lowercase letters; and
The student develops word structure knowledge through phonological awareness, print concepts, phonics, and morphology to communicate, decode, and spell. The student is expected to:
K.2Edevelop handwriting by accurately forming all uppercase and lowercase letters using appropriate directionality.
Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--vocabulary
The student uses newly acquired vocabulary expressively. The student is expected to:
K.3Ause a resource such as a picture dictionary or digital resource to find words;
K.3Buse illustrations and texts the student is able to read or hear to learn or clarify word meanings; and
K.3Cidentify and use words that name actions; directions; positions; sequences; categories such as colors, shapes, and textures; and locations. 110.A. (4) (5)
Comprehension skills
Comprehension skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts
The student uses metacognitive skills to both develop and deepen comprehension of increasingly complex texts. The student is expected to:
K.5Aestablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts with adult assistance;
K.5Bgenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information with adult assistance;
K.5Cmake and confirm predictions using text features and structures with adult assistance;
K.5Dcreate mental images to deepen understanding with adult assistance;
K.5Emake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society with adult assistance;
K.5Fmake inferences and use evidence to support understanding with adult assistance;
K.5Gevaluate details to determine what is most important with adult assistance;
K.5Hsynthesize information to create new understanding with adult assistance; and
K.5Imonitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re-reading, using background knowledge, checking for visual cues, and asking questions when understanding breaks down with adult assistance.
Response skills
Response skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts
The student responds to an increasingly challenging variety of sources that are read, heard, or viewed. The student is expected to:
K.6Adescribe personal connections to a variety of sources;
K.6Bprovide an oral, pictorial, or written response to a text;
K.6Cuse text evidence to support an appropriate response;
K.6Dretell texts in ways that maintain meaning;
K.6Einteract with sources in meaningful ways such as illustrating or writing; and
K.6Frespond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate.
Multiple genres
Multiple genres: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--literary elements
The student recognizes and analyzes literary elements within and across increasingly complex traditional, contemporary, classical, and diverse literary texts. The student is expected to:
K.7Adiscuss topics and determine the basic theme using text evidence with adult assistance;
K.7Bidentify and describe the main character(s);
K.7Cdescribe the elements of plot development, including the main events, the problem, and the resolution for texts read aloud with adult assistance; and
K.7Ddescribe the setting.
Multiple genres: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--genres
The student recognizes and analyzes genre-specific characteristics, structures, and purposes within and across increasingly complex traditional, contemporary, classical, and diverse texts. The student is expected to:
K.8Ademonstrate knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of well-known children's literature such as folktales, fables, fairy tales, and nursery rhymes;
K.8Bdiscuss rhyme and rhythm in nursery rhymes and a variety of poems;
K.8Cdiscuss main characters in drama;
recognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including:
K.8Dithe central idea and supporting evidence with adult assistance;
K.8Diititles and simple graphics to gain information; and
K.8Diiithe steps in a sequence with adult assistance;
The student recognizes and analyzes genre-specific characteristics, structures, and purposes within and across increasingly complex traditional, contemporary, classical, and diverse texts. The student is expected to:
K.8Erecognize characteristics of persuasive text with adult assistance and state what the author is trying to persuade the reader to think or do; and
K.8Frecognize characteristics of multimodal and digital texts.
Author's purpose and craft
Author's purpose and craft: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts
The student uses critical inquiry to analyze the authors' choices and how they influence and communicate meaning within a variety of texts. The student analyzes and applies author's craft purposefully in order to develop his or her own products and performances. The student is expected to:
K.9Adiscuss with adult assistance the author's purpose for writing text;
K.9Bdiscuss with adult assistance how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose;
K.9Cdiscuss with adult assistance the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes;
K.9Ddiscuss with adult assistance how the author uses words that help the reader visualize; and
K.9Elisten to and experience first- and third-person texts.
Composition
Composition: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--writing process
The student uses the writing process recursively to compose multiple texts that are legible and uses appropriate conventions. The student is expected to:
K.10Aplan by generating ideas for writing through class discussions and drawings;
K.10Bdevelop drafts in oral, pictorial, or written form by organizing ideas;
K.10Crevise drafts by adding details in pictures or words;
edit drafts with adult assistance using standard English conventions, including:
K.10Dicomplete sentences;
K.10Diiverbs;
K.10Diiisingular and plural nouns;
K.10Divadjectives, including articles;
K.10Dvprepositions;
K.10Dvipronouns, including subjective, objective, and possessive cases;
K.10Dviicapitalization of the first letter in a sentence and name;
K.10Dviiipunctuation marks at the end of declarative sentences; and
K.10Dixcorrect spelling of words with grade-appropriate orthographic patterns and rules and high-frequency words; and
The student uses the writing process recursively to compose multiple texts that are legible and uses appropriate conventions. The student is expected to:
K.10Eshare writing.
Composition: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--genres
The student uses genre characteristics and craft to compose multiple texts that are meaningful. The student is expected to:
K.11Adictate or compose literary texts, including personal narratives; and
K.11Bdictate or compose informational texts.
Inquiry and research
Inquiry and research: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts
The student engages in both short-term and sustained recursive inquiry processes for a variety of purposes. The student is expected to:
K.12Agenerate questions for formal and informal inquiry with adult assistance;
K.12Bdevelop and follow a research plan with adult assistance;
K.12Cgather information from a variety of sources with adult assistance;
K.12Ddemonstrate understanding of information gathered with adult assistance; and
K.12Euse an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.
Mathematics 36 standards
Number and operations
Number and operations
The student applies mathematical process standards to identify coins in order to recognize the need for monetary transactions. The student
K.4identify U.S. coins by name, including pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters.
Algebraic reasoning
Algebraic reasoning
The student applies mathematical process standards to identify the pattern in the number word list. The student
K.5recite numbers up to at least 100 by ones and tens beginning with any given number.
Mathematical process standards
Mathematical process standards
The student uses mathematical processes to acquire and demonstrate mathematical understanding. The student is expected to:
K.1Aapply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace;
K.1Buse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution;
K.1Cselect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problems;
K.1Dcommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriate;
K.1Ecreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas;
K.1Fanalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas; and
K.1Gdisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.
Number and operations
Number and operations
The student applies mathematical process standards to understand how to represent and compare whole numbers, the relative position and magnitude of whole numbers, and relationships within the numeration system. The student is expected to:
K.2Acount forward and backward to at least 20 with and without objects;
K.2Bread, write, and represent whole numbers from 0 to at least 20 with and without objects or pictures;
K.2Ccount a set of objects up to at least 20 and demonstrate that the last number said tells the number of objects in the set regardless of their arrangement or order;
K.2Drecognize instantly the quantity of a small group of objects in organized and random arrangements;
K.2Egenerate a set using concrete and pictorial models that represents a number that is more than, less than, and equal to a given number up to 20;
K.2Fgenerate a number that is one more than or one less than another number up to at least 20;
K.2Gcompare sets of objects up to at least 20 in each set using comparative language;
K.2Huse comparative language to describe two numbers up to 20 presented as written numerals; and
K.2Icompose and decompose numbers up to 10 with objects and pictures.
The student applies mathematical process standards to develop an understanding of addition and subtraction situations in order to solve problems. The student is expected to:
K.3Amodel the action of joining to represent addition and the action of separating to represent subtraction;
K.3Bsolve word problems using objects and drawings to find sums up to 10 and differences within 10; and
K.3Cexplain the strategies used to solve problems involving adding and subtracting within 10 using spoken words, concrete and pictorial models, and number sentences.
Geometry and measurement
Geometry and measurement
The student applies mathematical process standards to analyze attributes of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids to develop generalizations about their properties. The student is expected to:
K.6Aidentify two-dimensional shapes, including circles, triangles, rectangles, and squares as special rectangles;
K.6Bidentify three-dimensional solids, including cylinders, cones, spheres, and cubes, in the real world;
K.6Cidentify two-dimensional components of three-dimensional objects;
K.6Didentify attributes of two-dimensional shapes using informal and formal geometric language interchangeably;
K.6Eclassify and sort a variety of regular and irregular two- and three-dimensional figures regardless of orientation or size; and
K.6Fcreate two-dimensional shapes using a variety of materials and drawings.
The student applies mathematical process standards to directly compare measurable attributes. The student is expected to:
K.7Agive an example of a measurable attribute of a given object, including length, capacity, and weight; and
K.7Bcompare two objects with a common measurable attribute to see which object has more of/less of the attribute and describe the difference.
Data analysis
Data analysis
The student applies mathematical process standards to collect and organize data to make it useful for interpreting information. The student is expected to:
K.8Acollect, sort, and organize data into two or three categories;
K.8Buse data to create real-object and picture graphs; and
K.8Cdraw conclusions from real-object and picture graphs.
Personal financial literacy
Personal financial literacy
The student applies mathematical process standards to manage one's financial resources effectively for lifetime financial security. The student is expected to:
K.9Aidentify ways to earn income;
K.9Bdifferentiate between money received as income and money received as gifts;
K.9Clist simple skills required for jobs; and
K.9Ddistinguish between wants and needs and identify income as a source to meet one's wants and needs.
Science 39 standards
Matter and its properties
Matter and its properties
The student knows that objects have physical properties that determine how they are described and classified. The student
K.6identify and record observable physical properties of objects, including shape, color, texture, and material, and generate ways to classify objects.
Force, motion, and energy
Force, motion, and energy
The student knows that forces cause changes in motion and position in everyday life. The student
K.7describe and predict how a magnet interacts with various materials and how magnets can be used to push or pull.
Earth and space
Earth and space
The student knows that earth materials are important to everyday life. The student
K.11observe and generate examples of practical uses for rocks, soil, and water.
Scientific and engineering practices
Scientific and engineering practices
The student asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:
K.1Aask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;
K.1Buse scientific practices to plan and conduct simple descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;
K.1Cidentify, describe, and demonstrate safe practices during classroom and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards;
K.1Duse tools, including hand lenses, goggles, trays, cups, bowls, sieves or sifters, notebooks, terrariums, aquariums, samples (rocks, sand, soil, loam, gravel, clay, seeds, and plants), windsock, demonstration thermometer, rain gauge, straws, ribbons, non-standard measuring items, blocks or cubes, tuning fork, various flashlights, small paper cups, items that roll, noise makers, hot plate, opaque objects, transparent objects, foil pie pans, foil muffin cups, wax paper, Sun-Moon-Earth model, and plant life cycle model to observe, measure, test, and compare;
K.1Ecollect observations and measurements as evidence;
K.1Frecord and organize data using pictures, numbers, words, symbols, and simple graphs; and
K.1Gdevelop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.
The student analyzes and interprets data to derive meaning, identify features and patterns, and discover relationships or correlations to develop evidence-based arguments or evaluate designs. The student is expected to:
K.2Aidentify basic advantages and limitations of models such as their size, properties, and materials;
K.2Banalyze data by identifying significant features and patterns;
K.2Cuse mathematical concepts to compare two objects with common attributes; and
K.2Devaluate a design or object using criteria to determine if it works as intended.
The student develops evidence-based explanations and communicates findings, conclusions, and proposed solutions. The student is expected to:
K.3Adevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models;
K.3Bcommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and
K.3Clisten actively to others' explanations to identify important evidence and engage respectfully in scientific discussion.
The student knows the contributions of scientists and recognizes the importance of scientific research and innovation on society. The student is expected to:
K.4Aexplain how science or an innovation can help others; and
K.4Bidentify scientists and engineers such as Isaac Newton, Mae Jemison, and Ynes Mexia and explore what different scientists and engineers do.
Recurring themes and concepts
Recurring themes and concepts
The student uses recurring themes and concepts to make connections across disciplines. The student is expected to:
K.5Aidentify and use patterns to describe phenomena or design solutions;
K.5Binvestigate and predict cause-and-effect relationships in science;
K.5Cdescribe the properties of objects in terms of relative size (scale) and relative quantity;
K.5Dexamine the parts of a whole to define or model a system;
K.5Eidentify forms of energy and properties of matter;
K.5Fdescribe the relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and
K.5Gdescribe how factors or conditions can cause objects, organisms, and systems to either change or stay the same.
Force, motion, and energy
Force, motion, and energy
The student knows that energy is everywhere and can be observed in everyday life. The student is expected to:
K.8Acommunicate the idea that objects can only be seen when a light source is present and compare the effects of different amounts of light on the appearance of objects; and
K.8Bdemonstrate and explain that light travels through some objects and is blocked by other objects, creating shadows.
Earth and space
Earth and space
The student knows that there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among objects in the sky. The student is expected to:
K.9Aidentify, describe, and predict the patterns of day and night and their observable characteristics; and
K.9Bobserve, describe, and illustrate the Sun, Moon, stars, and objects in the sky such as clouds.
The student knows that the natural world includes earth materials and systems that can be observed. The student is expected to:
K.10Adescribe and classify rocks by the observable properties of size, shape, color, and texture;
K.10Bobserve and describe weather changes from day to day and over seasons; and
K.10Cidentify evidence that supports the idea that air is all around us and demonstrate that wind is moving air using items such as a windsock, pinwheel, or ribbon.
Organisms and environments
Organisms and environments
The student knows that plants and animals depend on the environment to meet their basic needs for survival. The student is expected to:
K.12Aobserve and identify the dependence of plants on air, sunlight, water, nutrients in the soil, and space to grow; and
K.12Bobserve and identify the dependence of animals on air, water, food, space, and shelter.
The student knows that organisms resemble their parents and have structures and undergo processes that help them interact and survive within their environments. The student is expected to:
K.13Aidentify the structures of plants, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits;
K.13Bidentify the different structures that animals have that allow them to interact with their environment such as seeing, hearing, moving, and grasping objects;
K.13Cidentify and record the changes from seed, seedling, plant, flower, and fruit in a simple plant life cycle; and
K.13Didentify ways that young plants resemble the parent plant.
Social Studies 37 standards
History
History
The student understands how historical figures helped shape the state and nation. The student
K.2identify contributions of historical figures, including Stephen F. Austin, George Washington, Christopher Columbus, and Jos Antonio Navarro, who helped to shape the state and nation.
Culture
Culture
The student understands similarities and differences among individuals. The student
K.10identify similarities and differences among individuals such as kinship and religion.
History
History
The student understands that holidays are celebrations of special events. The student is expected to:
K.1Aidentify national patriotic holidays such as Constitution Day, Presidents' Day, Veterans Day, and Independence Day; and
K.1Bidentify customs associated with national patriotic holidays such as parades and fireworks on Independence Day.
Geography
Geography
The student understands the concept of location. The student is expected to:
K.3Ause spatial terms, including over, under, near, far, left, and right, to describe relative location;
K.3Blocate places on the school campus and describe their relative locations; and
K.3Cidentify and use geographic tools that aid in determining location, including maps and globes.
The student understands physical and human characteristics of place to better understand self, home, family, classroom, and the world around them. The student is expected to:
K.4Aidentify the physical characteristics of place such as landforms, bodies of water, Earth's resources, and weather; and
K.4Bidentify how geographic location influences human characteristics of place such as shelter, clothing, food, and activities.
Economics
Economics
The student understands the difference between human needs and wants and how they are met. The student is expected to:
K.5Aidentify basic human needs of food, clothing, and shelter;
K.5Bexplain the difference between needs and wants; and
K.5Cexplain how basic human needs and wants can be met.
The student understands the value of jobs. The student is expected to:
K.6Aidentify jobs in the home, school, and community; and
K.6Bexplain why people have jobs.
Government
Government
The student understands the purpose of rules. The student is expected to:
K.7Aidentify purposes for having rules; and
K.7Bidentify rules that provide order, security, and safety in the home and school.
The student understands the role of authority figures. The student is expected to:
K.8Aidentify authority figures in the home, school, and community; and
K.8Bexplain how authority figures enforce rules.
Citizenship
Citizenship
The student understands important symbols, customs, and responsibilities that represent American beliefs and principles and contribute to our national identity. The student is expected to:
K.9Aidentify the United States flag and the Texas state flag;
K.9Brecite the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag and the Pledge to the Texas Flag; and
K.9Cuse voting as a method for group decision making.
Culture
Culture
The student understands the importance of family traditions. The student is expected to:
K.11Adescribe and explain the importance of family traditions; and
K.11Bcompare traditions among families.
Science, technology, and society
Science, technology, and society
The student understands ways technology is used in the home and school and how technology affects people's lives. The student is expected to:
K.12Aidentify examples of technology used in the home and school;
K.12Bdescribe how technology helps accomplish specific tasks and meet people's needs; and
K.12Cdescribe how his or her life might be different without modern technology.
Social studies skills
Social studies skills
The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including technology. The student is expected to:
K.13Aidentify and state facts based on relevant evidence;
K.13Bidentify different kinds of historical sources and artifacts and explain how they can be used to study the past;
K.13Cgather information about a topic using a variety of valid oral and visual sources such as interviews, music, pictures, symbols, and artifacts with adult assistance; and
K.13Dsequence and categorize information.
The student communicates in oral and visual forms. The student is expected to:
K.14Aplace events in chronological order;
K.14Buse social studies terminology related to time and chronology correctly, including before, after, next, first, last, yesterday, today, and tomorrow;
K.14Ccommunicate information visually, orally, or in writing based on knowledge and experiences in social studies;
K.14Dcreate and interpret visuals, including pictures and maps; and
K.14Eapply and practice classroom rules and procedures for listening and responding respectfully.
The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others. The student is expected to:
K.15Ause democratic procedures to collaborate with others when making decisions on issues in the classroom, school, or community; and
K.15Buse problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.
More Information: Texas Dates, Sources and Homeschool Law
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS), published by the Texas Education Agency (TEA).
Adopted by the state: English 2017, Math 2012, Science 2021, Social Studies 2022
Last checked by NexStudents: September 25, 2026
Copied from the state's own files, word for word. States revise their standards,
so check the state's page for the current version.
Social Studies 37 standards
History
Culture
History
Geography
Economics
Government
Citizenship
Culture
Science, technology, and society
Social studies skills