North Carolina 7th Grade Standards

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English Language Arts 59 standards

Reading Literature

Reading Literature
RL.7.1Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
RL.7.2Determine a theme of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.
RL.7.3Analyze how particular elements of a story or drama interact.
RL.7.4Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text; analyze the impact of rhymes and repetitions of sounds on meaning and tone in a specific line or section of a literary work.
RL.7.5Analyze how a drama’s or poem’s (or other literary genre’s) form or structure contributes to its meaning.
RL.7.6Analyze how an author develops and contrasts the perspectives of different characters in a text.
RL.7.7Compare and contrast a written story, drama, or poem to its audio, filmed, staged, or multimedia version, analyzing the effects of techniques unique to each medium.
RL.7.9Compare and contrast a fictional portrayal of a time, place, or character and a historical account of the same period as a means of understanding how authors of fiction use or alter history.
RL.7.10By the end of grade 7, read and understand literature within the 6-8 text complexity band proficiently and independently for sustained periods of time. Connect prior knowledge and experiences to text.

Reading Informational Text

Reading Informational Text
RI.7.1Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
RI.7.2Determine two or more central ideas in a text and analyze their development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.
RI.7.3Analyze the interactions between individuals, events, and ideas in a text.
RI.7.4Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text; analyze the impact of a specific word choice on meaning and tone.
RI.7.5Analyze the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to the development of the ideas.
RI.7.6Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author distinguishes his or her position from that of others.
RI.7.7Compare and contrast a text to an audio, video, or multimedia version of the text, analyzing each medium’s portrayal of the subject.
RI.7.8Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient to support the claims.
RI.7.9Analyze how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information by emphasizing different evidence or advancing different interpretations of facts.
RI.7.10By the end of grade 7, read and understand informational texts within the 6-8 text complexity band proficiently and independently for sustained periods of time. Connect prior knowledge and experiences to text.

Writing

Writing
W.7.1 Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.
W.7.1aOrganize information and ideas around a topic to plan and prepare to write.
W.7.1bIntroduce claim(s), acknowledge alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence
W.7.1cSupport claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating
W.7.1dUse words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), reasons,
W.7.1eEstablish and maintain a formal style.
W.7.1fProvide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.
W.7.1gWith some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by revising,
W.7.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
W.7.2aOrganize information and ideas around a topic to plan and prepare to write.
W.7.2bIntroduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts, and information, using strategies such as definition, classification, comparison/contrast, and cause/effect; include formatting, graphics, and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.
W.7.2cDevelop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
W.7.2dUse appropriate transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.
W.7.2eUse precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.
W.7.2fEstablish and maintain a formal style.
W.7.2gProvide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.
W.7.2hWith some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed.
W.7.3 Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.
W.7.3aOrganize information and ideas around a topic to plan and prepare to write.
W.7.3bEngage and orient the reader by establishing a context and point of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.
W.7.3cUse narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, and description, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.
W.7.3dUse a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence and signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.
W.7.3eUse precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action and convey experiences and events.
W.7.3fProvide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on the narrated experiences or events.
W.7.3gWith some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed."
W.7.4Use digital tools and resources to produce and publish writing, link to and cite sources, and to interact and collaborate with others.
W.7.5Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions for further research and investigation."
W.7.6Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Speaking and Listening

Speaking and Listening
SL.7.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one on one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 7 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
SL.7.1aCome to discussions prepared, having read or researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence on the topic, text, or issue to probe and reflect on ideas under discussion.
SL.7.1bFollow rules for collegial discussions, track progress toward specific goals and deadlines, and define individual roles as needed.
SL.7.1cPose questions that elicit elaboration and respond to others’ questions and comments with relevant observations and ideas that bring the discussion back on topic as needed.
SL.7.1dAcknowledge new information expressed by others and, when warranted, modify their own views.
SL.7.2Analyze the main ideas and supporting details presented in diverse media and formats and explain how the ideas clarify a topic, text, or issue under study.
SL.7.3Delineate a speaker’s argument and specific claims, evaluating the soundness of the reasoning and the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence.
SL.7.4Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with pertinent descriptions, facts, details, and examples; adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks.
SL.7.5Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient points.

Language

Language
L.7.1Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking; demonstrate proficiency within the 6-8 grammar continuum.
L.7.2Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing; demonstrate proficiency within the 6-8 conventions continuum.
L.7.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
L.7.3aChoose language that expresses ideas precisely and concisely, recognizing and eliminating wordiness and redundancy.
L.7.4Determine and/or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 7 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies: context clues, word parts, word relationships, and reference materials.
L.7.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language and nuances in word meanings.
L.7.5aInterpret figures of speech in context based on grade 7 reading and content.
L.7.5bDistinguish among the connotations of words with similar denotations.
L.7.6Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; develop vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.

Mathematics 58 standards

Ratio and Proportional Relationships

Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
NC.7.RP.1Compute unit rates associated with ratios of fractions to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
NC.7.RP.2 Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.
Understand that a proportion is a relationship of equality between ratios.
Represent proportional relationships using tables and graphs.
Recognize whether ratios are in a proportional relationship using tables and graphs.
Compare two different proportional relationships using tables, graphs, equations, and verbal descriptions.
Identify the unit rate (constant of proportionality) within two quantities in a proportional relationship using tables, graphs, equations, and verbal descriptions.
Create equations and graphs to represent proportional relationships.
Use a graphical representation of a proportional relationship in context to:
Explain the meaning of any point (x, y).
Explain the meaning of (0, 0) and why it is included.
Understand that the y-coordinate of the ordered pair (1, r) corresponds to the unit rate and explain its meaning.
NC.7.RP.3Use scale factors and unit rates in proportional relationships to solve ratio and percent problems.

The Number System

Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
NC.7.NS.1Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers, using the properties of operations, and describing real-world contexts using sums and differences.
NC.7.NS.2 Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division.
Understand that a rational number is any number that can be written as a quotient of integers with a non-zero divisor.
Apply properties of operations as strategies, including the standard algorithms, to multiply and divide rational numbers and describe the product and quotient in real-world contexts.
Use division and previous understandings of fractions and decimals.
Convert a fraction to a decimal using long division.
Understand that the decimal form of a rational number terminates in 0s or eventually repeats.
NC.7.NS.3Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving numerical expressions with rational numbers using the four operations.

Expressions and Equations

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
NC.7.EE.1 Apply properties of operations as strategies to:
Add, subtract, and expand linear expressions with rational coefficients.
Factor linear expression with an integer GCF.
NC.7.EE.2Understand that equivalent expressions can reveal real-world and mathematical relationships. Interpret the meaning of the parts of each expression in context.
Solve real-world and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities.
NC.7.EE.3 Solve multi-step real-world and mathematical problems posed with rational numbers in algebraic expressions.
Apply properties of operations to calculate with positive and negative numbers in any form.
Convert between different forms of a number and equivalent forms of the expression as appropriate.
NC.7.EE.4 Use variables to represent quantities to solve real-world or mathematical problems.
Construct equations to solve problems by reasoning about the quantities.
Fluently solve multistep equations with the variable on one side, including those generated by word problems.
Compare an algebraic solution to an arithmetic solution, identifying the sequence of the operations used in each approach.
Interpret the solution in context.
Construct inequalities to solve problems by reasoning about the quantities.
Fluently solve multi-step inequalities with the variable on one side, including those generated by word problems.
Compare an algebraic solution process for equations and an algebraic solution process for inequalities.
Graph the solution set of the inequality and interpret in context.

Geometry

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
NC.7.G.1 Solve problems involving scale drawings of geometric figures by:
Building an understanding that angle measures remain the same and side lengths are proportional.
Using a scale factor to compute actual lengths and areas from a scale drawing.
Creating a scale drawing.
NC.7.G.2Understand the characteristics of angles and side lengths that create a unique triangle, more than one triangle or no triangle. Build triangles from three measures of angles and/or sides.
Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
NC.7.G.4 Understand area and circumference of a circle.
Understand the relationships between the radius, diameter, circumference, and area.
Apply the formulas for area and circumference of a circle to solve problems.
NC.7.G.5Use facts about supplementary, complementary, vertical, and adjacent angles in a multi-step problem to write and solve equations for an unknown angle in a figure.
NC.7.G.6 Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving:
Area and perimeter of two-dimensional objects composed of triangles, quadrilaterals, and polygons.
Volume and surface area of pyramids, prisms, or three-dimensional objects composed of cubes, pyramids, and right prisms.

Statistics and Probability

Use random sampling to draw inferences about a population.
NC.7.SP.1 Understand that statistics can be used to gain information about a population by:
Recognizing that generalizations about a population from a sample are valid only if the sample is representative of that population.
Using random sampling to produce representative samples to support valid inferences.
NC.7.SP.2Generate multiple random samples (or simulated samples) of the same size to gauge the variation in estimates or predictions, and use this data to draw inferences about a population with an unknown characteristic of interest.
Make informal inferences to compare two populations.
NC.7.SP.3 Recognize the role of variability when comparing two populations.
Calculate the measure of variability of a data set and understand that it describes how the values of the data set vary with a single number.
Understand the mean absolute deviation of a data set is a measure of variability that describes the average distance that points within a data set are from the mean of the data set.
Understand that the range describes the spread of the entire data set.
Understand that the interquartile range describes the spread of the middle 50% of the data.
Informally assess the difference between two data sets by examining the overlap and separation between the graphical representations of two data sets.
NC.7.SP.4Use measures of center and measures of variability for numerical data from random samples to draw comparative inferences about two populations.
Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and evaluate probability models.
NC.7.SP.5Understand that the probability of a chance event is a number between 0 and 1 that expresses the likelihood of the event occurring.
NC.7.SP.6Collect data to calculate the experimental probability of a chance event, observing its long-run relative frequency. Use this experimental probability to predict the approximate relative frequency.
NC.7.SP.7 Develop a probability model and use it to find probabilities of simple events.
Develop a uniform probability model by assigning equal probability to all outcomes, and use the model to determine probabilities of events.
Develop a probability model (which may not be uniform) by repeatedly performing a chance process and observing frequencies in the data generated.
Compare theoretical and experimental probabilities from a model to observed frequencies; if the agreement is not good, explain possible sources of the discrepancy.
NC.7.SP.8 Determine probabilities of compound events using organized lists, tables, tree diagrams, and simulation.
Understand that, just as with simple events, the probability of a compound event is the fraction of outcomes in the sample space for which the compound event occurs.
For an event described in everyday language, identify the outcomes in the sample space which compose the event, when the sample space is represented using organized lists, tables, and tree diagrams.
Design and use a simulation to generate frequencies for compound events.

Science 23 standards

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

PS.7.1 Understand motion, the effects of forces on motion, and the graphical representations of motion.
PS.7.1.1Construct an explanation to summarize the motion of an object by its position, direction of motion, and speed in respect to some other object.
PS.7.1.2Use models to illustrate the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces acting on an object (including friction, gravity, and magnetism).
PS.7.1.3Analyze and interpret graphical data to summarize the motion of an object to show a change in position over a period of time.
PS.7.1.4Analyze and interpret graphical data to summarize the motion of an object to show a change in distance over a period of time for constant speed and variable motion.

Energy

PS.7.2 Understand forms of energy, energy transfer and transformation, and conservation in mechanical systems.
PS.7.2.1Construct an explanation to summarize how kinetic and potential energy contribute to the mechanical energy of an object.
PS.7.2.2Engage in argument from evidence to explain how energy can be transformed from one form to another, specifically potential energy and kinetic energy (models could include roller coasters, pendulums, or cars on ramps as examples).
PS.7.2.3Carry out investigations to conclude that energy can be transferred from one system to another when two objects push or pull on each other over a distance (work) in a mechanical system using qualitative data.
PS.7.2.4Carry out investigations to compare the efficiency of simple machines in relation to their advantages for particular purposes (to include inclined planes, pulleys, levers and wheel and axles) using qualitative data.

From Molecules to Organisms - Structures and Processes

LS.7.1 Understand the processes, structures and functions of living organisms that enable them to survive, reproduce and carry out the basic functions of life.
LS.7.1.1Construct an explanation to conclude how the structures of single-celled organisms carry out all of the basic functions of life including: Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium, Volvox.
LS.7.1.2Use models to explain how the relevant structures within cells (including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles) function to support the life of plant, animal, and bacterial cells.
LS.7.1.3Use models to explain how the hierarchical organization of multicellular organisms from cells to tissues to organs to systems to organisms functions to support life.
LS.7.1.4Construct an explanation to summarize how the major systems of the human body interact with each other to support life (including digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, nervous).

Heredity - Inheritance and Variation of Traits

LS.7.2 Understand the relationship of the mechanisms of reproduction, patterns of inheritance, and potential variation among offspring.
LS.7.2.1Construct an explanation supported with scientific evidence to summarize the role of genes on chromosomes as inherited cellular structures which contribute to an organism's traits (not to include the structure of DNA).
LS.7.2.2Use models to explain how asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information while sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation (not to include specific phases of mitosis and meiosis).
LS.7.2.3Use models (Punnett squares) to infer and predict patterns of the inheritance of single genetic traits from parent to offspring (including dominant and recessive traits).

Earth’s Systems

ESS.7.1 Understand the atmosphere and how the cycling of water relates to Earth’s weather and climate.
ESS.7.1.1Analyze and interpret data to compare the composition, properties and structure of Earth’s atmosphere to include: mixtures of gases and differences in temperature and pressure within layers.
ESS.7.1.2Use models to explain how the energy of the Sun and Earth’s gravity drive the cycling of water, including changes of state, as it moves through multiple pathways in Earth’s systems and relates to weather patterns on Earth.
ESS.7.1.3Analyze and interpret data to explain the relationship between the movement of air masses, high and low pressure systems, frontal boundaries and weather conditions that may result.
ESS.7.1.4Use models to predict weather conditions based on observations (including clouds, air masses, fronts), measurements (wind speed and direction, air temperature, humidity and air pressure), weather maps, satellites and radar.
ESS.7.1.5Use models to explain the influence of convection, global winds, and the jet stream on weather and climatic conditions.

Earth and Human Activity

ESS.7.2 Understand the reciprocal relationship between the atmosphere and humans.
ESS.7.2.1Engage in argument from evidence to explain that the good health of humans and environment requires: monitoring of the atmosphere, maintaining air quality and stewardship.
ESS.7.2.2Analyze and interpret data to explain how changes in the structure and composition of the atmosphere affects the greenhouse effect and global temperatures.
ESS.7.2.3Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to explain the impacts on humans and mitigation strategies of potentially hazardous environmental factors (including air quality index, UV index, Heat Index, Wildfires) and storms (hurricanes, blizzards, tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, floods).

More Information: North Carolina Dates, Sources and Homeschool Law

North Carolina Standard Course of Study, published by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (NC DPI).

Adopted by the state: English 2017, Math 2017, Science 2023, Social Studies 2021
Last checked by NexStudents: September 25, 2026

Copied from the state's own files, word for word. States revise their standards, so check the state's page for the current version.

English Language Arts (the state's file)
Mathematics (the state's file)
Science (the state's file)
Social Studies (the state's file)

Homeschool Law in North Carolina

School required for ages: 7–16
Ways to homeschool: One
Notice to the state: Yes
Teacher qualifications: Yes
Required subjects: No
Testing or evaluation: Yes
Immunization records: Yes
Instruction time: A regular schedule for at least nine calendar months a year, apart from reasonable holidays.
The law: North Carolina General Statute §115C-563

Written from HSLDA's summary of North Carolina homeschool law, read September 25, 2026. Laws change and this is not legal advice. Read HSLDA's full step-by-step guide before you file anything.